ツワネ原則全文1/2


今朝のニュースで、ツワネ原則というのをやっていた。

国家機密を保護するという、大変結構な原則で、そこんところをすっ飛ばした議論が横行しているようなので、ちょっと全文を見てみようと思った。

人権団体とか、「自称」人権団体とか、「自笑（？）」人権団体とか、なぜか、原発推進反対とか、自然保護団体とか、つまり、いわゆる革新系というか、「確信」系というか、そういう方たちのホームページには、必ず出ているし、野党などは、待ってましたと飛びついているようだ。

ちょっと待て！。

「赤」信号、みんなで渡れば、青くなる！。

そういうもんじゃあ、ないだろう！？。

それが証拠に、日本語の全文訳なんて、今朝の段階では、何処にも出てなかった。

都合のいいところだけ抽出して、情報出したりとか、国家機密保護よりも、たちわるいんじゃね？。

というわけで、とりあえず、全文の英語版のありかを突き止めた。

（GLOBAL PRINCIPLES ON NATIONAL SECURITY AND THE RIGHT TO INFORMATION）
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英語だけど、とりあえず、３５ページ一気に載せたら、グーグル翻訳できなかったので、２回に分ける（後日、ＰＤＦのＵＲＬのまま試したら、翻訳できました（トホホ・・・））。

「GLOBAL PRINCIPLES ON NATIONAL SECURITY AND THE RIGHT TO INFORMATION

(“THE TSHWANE PRINCIPLES”)

finalized in Tshwane, South Africa issued on 12 June 2013 」

「INTRODUCTION

These Principles were developed in order to provide guidance to those engaged in drafting, revising, or implementing laws or provisions relating to the state’s authority to withhold information on national security grounds or to punish the disclosure of such information.

They are based on international (including regional) and national law, standards, good practices, and the writings of experts.

They address national security〓rather than all grounds for withholding information. All other public grounds for restricting access should at least meet these standards.

These Principles were drafted by 22 organizations and academic centres (listed in the Annex) in consultation with more than 500 experts from more than 70 countries at 14 meetings held around the world, facilitated by the Open Society Justice Initiative, and in consultation with the four special rapporteurs on freedom of expression and/or media freedom and the special rapporteur on counter-terrorism and human rights:

・ the United Nations (UN) Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Opinion and Expression,
・ the UN Special Rapporteur on Counter-Terrorism and Human Rights,
・ the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights (ACHPR) Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Expression and Access to Information,
・ the Organization of American States (OAS) Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Expression, and
・ the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) Representative on Freedom of the Media. 」

「BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE

National security and the public’s right to know are often viewed as pulling in opposite directions. While there is at times a tension between a government’s desire to keep information secret on national security grounds and the public’s right to information held by public authorities, a clear-eyed review of recent history suggests that legitimate national security interests are, in practice, best protected when the public is well informed about the state’s activities, including those undertaken to protect national security.

Access to information, by enabling public scrutiny of state action, not only safeguards against abuse by public officials but also permits the public to play a role in determining the policies of the state and thereby forms a crucial component of genuine national security, democratic participation, and sound policy formulation. In order to protect the full exercise of human rights, in certain circumstances it may be necessary to keep information secret to protect legitimate national security interests.